Democracy

Since the first live debate between the party leaders of the UK's three biggest political parties, there is a growing feeling that the result of the next election could have no clear winner. However current statistics based on opinion polls show that the election is biased towards the governing party, simply because of the electoral system itself. One current opinion poll shows that despite the fact the current Government could come in third or second place in terms of voting numbers. They would still get the majority of seats in parliament, and the first option to form a collision government with a strategic partner. This to many neutrals and outsiders is puzzling, as in most Countries a Government...

st recognize that it could not cope with the Democratic Justice, without establishing a pattern of expression, which tends to discourage, the restructuring of the highest known. For this reason it is taking the concept of”rhetoric" of nutrients that part of the premises acquired by the analysis of them with the support of other premises, if necessary, to raise the concept of Democratic Justice study. And you do not agree with Perelman when he says that justice is presented as a confused concept? But ECO is a comment used to believe that a true positive effect of the rhetoric of nutrients in the concept of Democratic Justice: The first movement is effective: from purchased premises and...

While motives do play a fundamental role in influencing one's political decisions and actions, it is equally important to explore the power of emotions as touching the various dynamics of political exercise. In fact, psychologists attest to the fact that emotions are the closest propellers of most human actions as mirrored in the statements like "I feel like doing..." or "I hate to do..." And as far as the Filipino society is concerned, perhaps no other season can rival the degree of stirring in the emotional climate as in what comes out during the season of elections. Notice how people - from candidates to supporters - feel so strongly about the camp or the cause they represent, even to the extent...

Overruling Democracy: The Supreme Court vs. The American People is a controversial work by Doctor Jamin B. Raskin, professor of constitutional law at American university. His writings have been published in Washington post, Los Angeles Times, The Nation, The American Prospect, The Washington Monthly, The American Lawyer, Legal Times and George and Slate. Also he is author of We the Students. The present book had been published in 2003 by Routledge (Taylor & Francis Books Inc.) with the ISBN: 0415934397 and 27.50$ price in US. The book includes ten chapters in 242 pages, bibliographical references as endnote and index. Each chapter begins with a prelude from famous Americans quotations on America...

If you live in a democracy you may be counting your lucky stars. No dictatorship for you. Of course, what goes hand-in-hand with a democratic society is a free press as it was known - a free media in modern speak. For the purposes of this article, I will split the media into two categories: partisan and non-partisan. By partisan, I am not just referring to a political party but any party, or pressure group, that has an axe to grind. Usually partisan media is biased either to the left or to the right of politics. Some outlets claim to be in the middle but reserve the right to take a view on specific issues. Some others exist to promote - or decry - a specific issue or limited basket of issues. In...

The way of thinking, feeling and acting have been rooted in social contexts, individuals have multiple "social identities". Members of social groups distinguish themselves from others with the notion of their own identity. Distinction of a particular group from others makes the term of "we". Nation, social class, ethnicity, gender, subculture, age, religion and etc... can make notion of social identity. Forming the nation of America lies in its identity and character. One respect of American national identity which makes them different from people in other countries is "identity of democracy". Democracy in the United States which shapes American national identity is based upon the principle of...

The Constitutional crisis of the 1950s was the result of unprecedented moves by the National Party (NP) to consolidate power by subtly disenfranchising coloured voters, especially those who stayed in the Cape Provincial Division, using the Separate Representation of Voters Act, 46 of 1951. The NP assayed to set up a High Court of Parliament to override decisions made by the erstwhile Appellate Division (AD) of the Supreme Court. In the first Harris case (Harris vs. Minister of the Interior 1952 (2) SA 428 (A), the Separate Representation of Voters Act was found to be unconstitutional, since the special two thirds majority procedure for amending the entrenched franchise rights of coloured voters, set...

It is widely believed that the 1932 coup was the first coup in Thailand. It wasn't; the first coup was in 1912, when a group of junior officers, fired by the Chinese revolution a year earlier, tried to seize power. They failed. The 24 June 1932 coup, however, succeeded and brought an end to absolute monarchy in Thailand. The seeds of the 1932 coup were first being sown in the early 1920's, during the reign of King Rama VI or King Vajiravudh (1910 - 1925). That was when Thailand started experiencing severe fluctuations in rice production which had a severe impact on state revenues. Coupled with extravagant state expenditures, this caused a huge trade deficit and foreign debt. In 1925, when King Rama...

The problem of illegal immigration exists today in large measure because the last two Presidential administrations have not enforced the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, which provided for penalties against companies that hire undocumented workers. In 1999, under the Clinton Administration, the U.S. government collected a meager $3.69 million from 890 companies in fines. In 2004, under George Bush, the amount collected in fines from companies hiring undocumented workers was zero. It is estimated that, in 2004, three million illegal immigrants entered the United States. In addition, the border with Mexico has never been properly secured, with only 9500 border agents trying to police an...

As Nigeria marks her 10th year of uninterrupted democratic rule it is important to examine how the various sectors of the polity have fared in the last decade. One of the key areas is housing. How has the housing sector fared in the last 10 years? To effectively answer that question, it might be necessary to appraise the state of housing 10 years ago at the onset of democratic rule in 1999. In fact, 1999 was just one year away from the magical year of 2000 in which the Babangida government had professed "Housing for all". In retrospect it is now obvious to all that it was just a political slogan with very little work done towards the attainment of that objective. As at 1999, the mortgage industry...

The Classical Conservative Definition: A classical conservative values tradition and freedom over governmental power. Conservatives, under this definition, advocate a free market economy without governmental intervention. Conservatives tend to view government as a necessary evil, whose primary responsibility is to protect people from violation of their rights and freedom by others. Conservatives distinguish this from government taking action to guarantee people's rights and freedom (a subtle, but important distinction). Conservatives think of morality as something that binds people into groups through loyalty and authority (in certain cases, substituting religion for authority). Conservatives tend...

Americans need a civics lesson. And so do politicians. Of all the wrong and delusional thinking about the US Constitution the one that is most thoroughly incorrect and routinely used for political propaganda purposes is that there are three coequal branches of the federal government. You hear presidents, members of Congress and media pundits say it all the time. They are wrong. Nowhere in the Constitution or the Federalist Papers is there any statement or declaration that the three branches are coequal. Why has this myth persisted for so long? Why do so many prominent and supposedly educated people keep invoking this outright lie? Make no mistake. Either in theory or practice is there any basis...

Arizona made headlines, and history, when they passed SB 1070, the most controversial immigration law to date in American history. This law has already caused protests and heated debate between Arizona citizens, state governments, and the White House. What used to be a very distinct line between Democratic and Republican views on immigration has been blurred, as has which ways Arizonians are leaning politically. Arizona's new immigration law (scheduled to go into effect July 29th) makes it a crime to be in the country without proper paperwork, and gives police permission to question individuals about their status if they suspect they are undocumented. This has become such an extremely hot topic...

As election day nears in the UK, and many opinion polls point to a decline in voter turnout, with no clear "winner" in the Election. Britain faces the possibility of a "Hung," Parliament. What are the effects of a "Hung" Parliament? The 2010 Election is different, many voters are angry with the economic policies of the current Government, which some believe could of led to the economic crisis in the UK. The opposition Conservatives are also traditionally viewed as being no better at managing the country, then the current Government. The catchphrase to many in this new election is that, "Labor do not deserve to govern, but the Conservatives do not deserve to get elected." This has led to the prospect...

As George Bush, The American President, heads toward the Middle East in Jan 2008, the region seems to gravitate toward greater instability and weakening American hegemony. From Afghanistan to Lebanon and Palestine, more U.S. involvements yet little fruits have been accomplished. Iraq is still bleeding, Democracy shelved to be replaced by a realist foreign policy, and peace is more elusive as ever. Only in his last year in office, Bush has decided to make the peace process his last attempt to rectify his previous failed policies. Would he succeed while other attempts by previous presidents failed? He convened a conference in Annapolis for regional representatives to start jump the ailing peace...

In 1688 James II, who had been king of England until this point, fled as William of Orange and his army entered London. William had been invited by a delegation of Whigs and Tories to usurp James and was welcomed openly by the citizenry and clergy upon his arrival. James had taken the crown only three years before, but through his own attempts to bring power to the Roman Catholics in a country that was dominantly protestant, he brought to reality the two worst fears of the English people: absolutism and an attempt to convert the populous. James could have kept the throne had he only wanted religious and political equality and freedom for the Roman Catholics, but he attacked the livelihood of the...

A commonly-held belief is that Ralph Nader siphoned votes in 2000 and cost Vice-President Al Gore the election. The only reason I have trouble with that view is the fact that there were over 2,000,000 people that voted for him. Ralph Nader had, and has, the right to run for President. And anyone who votes had the right to vote for him. Let us not allow politicians, the media, our neighbors, and ourselves to create any more animosity, or perpetuate the brainwashing and conditioning that perpetuates the acceptance a two-party system as the sole form of Democracy. That's not what our country is based on, and that is not the idea for which people have fought and died. A new concept was stuck into my...

History's great promoters of "democracy", whether they be Ancient Greek philosophers, American or French Revolutionaries, Communists, or English Parliamentarians, have in every case meant that "everybody" in a society should be able to take part in decision-making of the body politic. But how far has this ideal been realised? And is it time that we can take it further? In none of the cases cited above were their "democratic" methods completely or truly inclusive: "everybody" variably excluded women, people of other races or ethnicities, people below a minimum threshold age, people without property, etc. In the course of the twentieth century, the right to vote in elections for "representational...

We now look into the reality of the situation and problems facing our technological society in order to find a way to rescue our troubled system and move toward a democratic economy and to its corresponding social order. The more we look into the history of American Revolution and the formation of its constitutional government, the more we become astonished about the depth of knowledge, dedication, and sincerity of the few men who led this nation from colonialism to independence and beyond. The Federalist Papers are indicative of tremendous wealth of knowledge, wisdom, an intelligence of those who laid down, so carefully and so wisely, such a radically liberal foundation for the political system of...

David Domke, God Willing? Political Fundamentalism in the White House, the 'War on Terror', and the Echoing Press. London and Ann Arbor, Ml: Pluto Press, 2004. 240 pp. The relationship between politics and media has always been a topic for vast researches. On the other hand the use of religious discourse in addresses and speeches of politicians to back their policies is not a new issue. But what is done in this book that makes is outstanding and different is an analysis of the interconnections among all these three together. Thus David Domke's book is ideally positioned to cut right into the heart of debates about the modern developments at the intersection of religion, politics and media within the...

Capitalism is a pyramid; a social structure that requires an abundance of laborers to produce, process, and transfer all of the goods that we consume. The base of this pyramid is very wide with a large number of laborers supporting a relatively small number of elite at the top of the pyramid. The individual laborer is sustained by his or her productive labor, but society is created and sustained by his and her surplus productive labor. We create surpluses for future consumption, but we control them in the sense of who may distribute those surpluses to their exclusive benefit, and then we call such surpluses "wealth". When those surpluses are used to expand the productive economy, they are called...

As I considered the truth of democratic ugliness, I further considered its implications in the Middle East. Afghanistan is a democracy. It is the will of the people to grow poppies, make opium and heroin. No one can stop them and it is foolish to try. They will need a larger market to support prices. People are likely busy expanding the global market as I write and soon the U.S. will be building new prisons and treatment centers for its new heroin dealers and addicts. Not pretty at all. Palestine is a democracy. It is the will of the people to take back their land and prosper. Israel is a democracy. It is the will of the people to live and prosper on Palestinian land. One must destroy the other to...

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The term "money laundering" derives from the fact that gangsters in the 1920s commingled the proceeds of their illegal operations with the basically untraceable proceeds from coin laundries operated by the ring, thus making the funds appear as if they been derived legitimately. Although the term may have started in the 20th century, the practice of disguising unlawful proceeds traces its roots back to the dawn of banking itself. For example, when the Roman Catholic Church in medieval times banned lending money at interest, financiers developed methods to get around this restriction. Criminal organizations have three objectives for laundering the proceeds of their illegal activity. These are:o To pay...

The Athenian model of representative participatory democracy was both exclusive and immediate. It excluded women and slaves but it allowed the rest to actively, constantly, and consistently contribute to choice making processes on all levels and of all kinds (including juridical)! This was (barely) manageable in a town 20,000 strong. The application of this model to larger polities is rather much more problematic and leads to serious and ominous failures. The issue with the gathering and processing of info - a logistical constraint - is probably to be totally, satisfactorily, and comprehensively resolved by the application of of PC networks to voting. Even with existing technologies, election...

We all pretend that we are nation of law, liberty and free people. This is not necessarily so. Even a communist regime reigns through rules and laws. In communism the ruling party has gained power through brute force. Anyone can be found guilty by some arbitrary rule and imprisoned by some arbitrarily contrived at process; thus society is stifled into obeying arbitrary rules. In America power to the ruling class has been secured through money and corruption. I seriously believe that our legislative bodies consist mainly of puppets that function not to liberate the American people and to keep them free, but to line their own pockets by obeying the moneyed power behind government. Government pays lip...

The concept of governance is as old as the civilization of man, which is nothing but the name of the process by which the task of decision making is done by the stakeholders of the society, which also include the implementation of these decisions and also not implementation. While making the decisions many factors play their role which ultimately make a governance a good one or bad one. All the formal and informal factors provide us the structure that leads us toward the implementation of decisions. After amalgamation of the nations and after formation of the global village the survival of nations is not an easy task. Now man is much more dependent upon other as it was never before. Now at a state...

The good will that accompanied the 1997 Bribery Convention will not last ad infinitum. Perceptions that countries are not living up to their obligations under the Conventions will inevitability weaken the agreement and lead to erosion of public confidence. Recuperating the momentum and enthusiasm of that initial accomplishment will go far to ensuring that it is not yet the end of the honeymoon. International debate over good governance and best practice may work towards the best mechanism for investigating political and business corruption. There are many areas still in need of urgent reform. The OECD convention, which has been so effective in many ways, left loopholes. The need to stop companies...

During long periods of deep crisis, when our Leaders cannot solve our problems the way we want. Often we choose to follow or elect Authoritarian Leaders, usually who rise within the ranks of traditional political parties. In deep cases of financial or political chaos, some of these Leaders could rise through forming their own political parties and rising through the electoral process, as traditional political parties lose creditability. If the Financial Crisis becomes unsolvable in the short- term, one real danger is that the traditional political parties and institutions will become discredited. This has already happened with our Banking and Financial Institutions, were Business Leaders during the...

States (nations) are obligated to create a structural and managerial environment that will enable the police to effectively and efficiently implement the provisions of the rule of law, domestic and international law, and accepted human rights standards. There must be an independent police structure that can operate without interference from other agencies. This does not mean that there is no type of outside oversight, as that is needed. What you do not want is a police agency that becomes a private army for a minister or other similar department head. The Rights of Police Personnel. One of the key issues that needs to be addressed through laws and policies are the rights of police personnel. Yes...

One of the main criticisms of the Obama administration's healthcare reform law is that it puts too much responsibility and power in the federal government's hands. Many people believe that regulating insurance companies, for example, is a responsibility that should be left up to the states. According to the constitutional theory of federalism, that is true. However, it becomes more difficult to make the case for repealing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act if there are no viable alternatives. Largely Republican opponents open themselves up to criticism that portrays them as the "party of no" that prefers to oppose Democratic proposals without many new ideas of their own. The cost of...

When Ronald Reagan died, the media showered him with praises and compliments. They talked about how people loved him; how he did great things; and how he liberated millions of people. They credit him with playing a hand in bringing the Soviet Union down. Even Mikhail Gorbachev hailed him as a great world leader. The world finally learned of President Reagan's legacy. The media sang a different tune from 1981 to 1989. They referred to Ronald Reagan as senile, dumb, and prone to cowboy diplomacy. He was too old and had to take naps on the job. His inner circle had to lead him around like a child. His foreign policy was supposed to start mass conflagration and get us all killed. He was just an actor...

We love irony, so how delicious to see the government class end up on the wrong end of the "Don't Put that in Our Sacred Constitution" argument. For those not fortunate enough to live in Oregon, supporters of using a huge increase in the state's cigarette tax to fund expanded health care for children lacked the votes in the 2005 Legislature to pass a statute, but, had the votes to put Measure # 50 - a constitutional amendment - on the 2007 ballot. That's ironic because it's usually the government class using the "Not in the Constitution" argument to defeat constitutional amendments that would cause them grief, usually limiting their power to raise taxes. "Tax policy is too transitory and political...

An African proverb admonishes us that: "Whenever the rhythm of the drum beats changes, you must change the dance movement accordingly." It is no longer privileged knowledge that Information and Communication Technology has launched the entire globe into what is now known as the e-world-meaning electronic world. Today Governments the world over are somersaulting to reinvent and re-engineer governance so as to be more effective, efficient and transparent in the provision of information, goods and services to their citizens electronically. Fortunately Ghana has already started dancing to the tune of the technological music because government has laid the foundation for e-government by establishing the...

The political future of India is being hotly debated in the current pre-election scenario with questions like "who will form the next government?" and "who will be the next prime minister of India?" being uppermost in everyone's mind. The question bothering me, however, is that "Is it really possible to answer such questions based on astrology for a country blessed with political volatility like that of India?" There are at least ten prospective prime ministerial candidates for the upcoming general elections, of which there are a few like Dr. Manmohan Singh, Smt. Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi who nurture an unexpressed desire for the position. Some of the other possible contenders for the position...

Within three years since the first meeting the Australia's new parliament is held the federal election. This means that the life of any parliament since 1945 is just 2 and half years. Traditionally, the general elections will be held by the time the Governor-General, appointed by the Queen of Great Britain, agrees to the request of the incumbent Prime Minister regarding the exact date of the election. Since 1901 when the federation was first founded, the governing parliament will only be changed after five years of service to the people of Australia, however, the length of term of every parliament varied greatly as the years passed. Mostly, the length of term is based on the status quo of the...

plain institutional change institutions need to be conceptualized as a dependent rather than an independent variable. The social science literature on institutional change is too large to be dealt with comprehensively. The discussion is restricted to three perspectives that are relevant to the question under what conditions institutions can change for the better in mineral-rich countries. The technocratic perspective Policy advisors have been inclined to suggest that institutions can be re-designed once a government has decided that this is what it wants to do.Unfortunately this view leaves unclear whether and under what conditions particular domestic conditions enable governments to be more or less...

Healthcare reform plays a major role in discussions and the media today, but it is confusing, overwhelming, boring and seemingly unsolvable to most people. Howard Dean presents the problems and solutions in plain language in his new book, Howard Dean's Prescription for Real Healthcare Reform. Hear someone utter the word Healthcare and the emotion that rises up and continues to spiral nearly out of control is anger. Dean writes, "according to a recent report from the Center for American Progress, in March 2009 alone almost 11,000 workers a day lost their health insurance." Do the math and the anger turns to outrage - 341,000 people lost their health insurance in a 31-day period. There are "47 million...

Of all the issues that have left me in shock in the realm of U.S. politics over the last couple of months, nothing was worse than the decision this past week by the Supreme Court. It overruled the long standing precedent of the limitations of corporations and unions giving to advertisement to support political candidates. Essentially, corporations can give whatever they want to political advertisement, because in some way the conservative judges say this is their "freedom of speech". While they can skew it any way that they would like, this decision is disastrous to the health of a democracy. The rich and powerful will gain even more and more control, and the common man will be left with nothing. Do...

Domestic Terrorism: Common ties between domestic terrorism and international terrorism: Terrorism can be defined as the use of threats and at some times actual violence in the pursuit of political goals. According to Paul Johnson terrorist have three elements which include: Terrorist believe that their goals are the most important and through this believe they reject all other means of achieving their goals. Terrorist will run counter to democratic institutions and that civil freedom which is one characteristic of a democratic nation makes the nation to be more vulnerable to terrorism. Domestic terrorism and international terrorism have common ties whereby their activities are similar, they are...

Ancient Greece lifted the souls of men of imagination and thoughts they had wanted to express for ages. But in ancient Egypt there was no time for that; all rules and thoughts of any worth were by decree by the reigning Pharaoh of Egypt. Greece was a land that, like Rome next door did have a winter when the people could not grow crops and had to be able to survive an occasional winter blast unknown in fortunate Egypt.For many months each year in Athens or Rome the weather would not allow crops to grow, and it was a matter of ample food storage. And always, there was ample fresh food in Egypt, where the frosts never followed.Three crops a year were common, and to hungry people to see the abundance of...

After a trip to Europe, visiting ruins of ancient Rome and Greek antiques, I found myself at the ancestral family estate in Buckingham Shire, England. My distant cousin the Lord of the Manor remarked to me that he found it fascinating that I lived on the very edge of western civilization. Any further steps and I would be speaking Chinese: we both laughed. But should we have? In the visits of my relative to America or Canada it was usually then on west to Hong Kong. Here as we all knew those who wanted a silk suit or expensive attire or diamonds, earrings, necklaces of exquisite design could be had at such a bargain as could never be purchased anywhere else in the world. We all of a certain age had...

What are the future e-Government trends? Pointing to the future, one key point came out of the lively discussion from the floor. Not enough is being done at the moment to bridge the divide between the local politicians and chief officers who have to drive e-Government policy and practice, and the IT practitioners who understand the more technical aspects. Getting the data infrastructure right is important and having access to citizen information is half the battle in providing excellent e-Government support. How this is presented at the front-end, however, is just as important in ensuring the organisational issues are resolved. The e-government resulting benefits can include less corruption...

The current political climate is showing a political will that is struggling to effectively come to terms with global warming, let alone deal with it. Whilst a serious threat of this nature is a first for civilisation, politicians struggle with it because it can directly conflict with the agendas of those who helped them into power - and it is those same agenda's which seem to be contributing to global warming in the first place. The finance required to fund an election attempt in the 21st century is now of a size that can only be raised in the corporate sector. (It also raises the issue of whether these financial implications inhibit the true application of the democratic process for anyone seeking...

Not long ago, a very caring individual explained to me that what we needed was direct and instant electronic voting to handle most of the important issues and challenges of our nation. He explained that we could all use our iPhones, Laptops, and computers to do the voting. Unfortunately, as great as this might sound for those who love democracy, it's really not the way to run a Republic which is set up with a representative governing structure. Nevertheless, intrigued by this common suggestion of online instant voting, I quizzed the gentleman and challenged his wisdom; Okay so would the citizens also be allowed to vote for "free stuff" because pure democracies get into problems that way, as everyone...

Apparently, we have a tremendous problem on our hands. We have politicians, and socialist leaning candidates which have filled our ranks in Congress, Executive Branch, and even the Supreme Court. This is rather alarming as we have a Republic here, not a pure Democracy, and we run our business using Capitalism, not socialism or communism. But before we crucify our Federal Government, indeed, we have the same problems at the City, County, and State levels too. May I be so bold as to make a suggestion? Okay, thank you then, I recommend that no politician can run for any office unless they have taken an economics class, can balance their checkbook, and/or have run a business and actually made a payroll...

I recently read Glenn Beck's Common Sense: The Case Against an Out-of-Control Government, Inspired by Thomas Paine and I found the book to be a thought provoking read. Conservative political commentator Glenn Beck hosts a talk radio show and a television show. He's an author and an entrepreneur who has become well-known for his polarizing and controversial views but his book is filled with his own brand of common sense. Thomas Paine was an author, inventor and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. In January 1776, he published Common Sense, a pamphlet that called for colonial America's independence from Great Britain. He thought government was a necessary evil. That British oppression...

The Democracy Monument commemorates the coup of June 1932, which brought down the absolute monarchy and established a constitutional monarchy. King Prajadhipok, known as Rama VII, ruled the country. A group of young intellectuals who had been educated abroad staged a bloodless coup, demanding a constitution. This change represented the first curtailment of the monarchy's powers in over 800 years. The constitution has undergone myriad revisions since then, but the framework and central tenets of the first constitution remain the backbone of the current incarnation. The constitution of 1932 created a bicameral legislative body called the National Assembly. The Lower House was elected by popular vote...

Most nations of the world, especially the west, would prefer democracy as an acceptable mode of governance. This is because democracy is a system of government in which people are the government and the civil society decides the trends. Despite all appraisals from every angle, the incessant clamoring for quality government that will favor the less privileged, democracy evolved as the most voted. Democracy is actually the best form of civil government because of its basic rudiments and the check and boundaries involved. It is no doubt that democracy is generally accepted by all sundry irrespective of the background. The world powers today you will agree with me have the best framework for democracy...