What Countries Make Up the Middle East?

There is no exact definition of the Middle Eaststraddles the two continents). And similar to the
that is agreed upon by all people. Some corecultural overlap with the Middle East in southern
countries are always included as part of theand southeastern Turkey, there is much cultural
region, but there is disagreement about how faroverlap with Europe in western Turkey, as well as
the region extends, and this is complicated bycrossover with former Soviet republics in
cultural, linguistic, and political considerations.northeastern Turkey. These days Turkey tends
The nations always included as being part of theto be left out of classifications more often than it
region are Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel/Palestine,used to be.
Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar,Some people include the Arab countries of North
Bahrain, and Iran. So it can be said that the MiddleAfrica in their definitions of the region, because of
East is approximately equivalent to Western Asia.the linguistic and cultural connections between the
But some countries outside of Western Asia, orArab countries of Africa and Asia. Libya, Tunisia,
that straddle Western Asia and another continentAlgeria, and Morrocco are the most commonly
region, are often included in regional classifications.cited. More rarely included are Sudan, Somalia,
Egypt is one of the most commonly included.Western Sahara, and Mauritania.
Most of Egypt's landmass is located in NorthSometimes included as part of the region but
Africa, but the Sinai Peninsula is in Western Asia,normally considered part of Central Asia, is
and geographically inseparable from Israel's NegevAfganistan. Pakistan is also sometimes included ,
desert. Not only that, but Egypt is the culturalprobably because many people confuse the
capital of the Arab world and has therefore had aIslamic World with the Arab World. Occasionally
large influence on the Arab cultures of Westernincluded are the former Soviet republics of Central
Asia.Asia, such as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan,
Also sometimes included is Turkey, which bordersTurkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, and
Syria, Iraq, and Iran. It has a Kurdish region thatKyrgyzstan. There are linguistic connections
extends beyond the country's Eastern borders.between these Central Asian countries and the
And there is a minority of people speaking Turkiccountries of Western Asia, with Turkic languages
languages living in Iran. There is also an(related to Turkish language spoken in Turkey)
Arabic-speaking minority in southern Turkey. Soand Iranian languages (related to the Persian
Turkey has a lot of cultural connections to thelanguage spoken in Iran). Most, however, believe
Middle East. And 97% of the land mass of Turkeythat this definition of the Middle East is a great
lies within Western Asia. However, most Turksstretch, and that these countries are outside of
themselves are likely to deny their connections toits boundaries.
Asia. The people of Turkey tend to think ofThe basic classification of the Middle East comes
themselves as part of Europe, even though onlydown to Western Asia, with other peripheral
3% of the country lies in Europe. This is possiblycountries sometimes included because of religious,
because the main part of Istanbul, Turkey'scultural, or political ties with Western Asian
largest city, is located in Europe (though the citycountries.