| "It is wrong not to lay the lessons of the past | | | | essence of religion Islam is quite open to accept |
| before the future." | | | | the modern advancements. Indeed, his greatest |
| [Winston Churchill: The Gathering Storm] | | | | conviction lies in his call upon Muslims to undertake |
| The association of Pakistan with the countries | | | | reconstruction of Islam and Islamic values in the |
| lying to its West has a long history, reminiscences | | | | light of modern times in a way that shows it to |
| of which can still be seen in Pakistan's national life | | | | be a forward-looking religion that promises to |
| today. Due to these influences, it so happened | | | | serve as a force for good in the world at large. |
| that a distinct nation emerged within the | | | | Like Jinnah he considered democratic system |
| sub-continent that continued to live without a | | | | drawn in lines with Islamic principles closest to an |
| name for centuries, and took to be referred as a | | | | ideal Islamic state as European democracy could |
| religious minority. Hence, when the name of | | | | not be applicable without recognizing the fact of |
| 'Pakistan'1 was allotted to this un-named nation | | | | communal groups. He advocated a common |
| (the areas where Muslims were in majority) and | | | | ground between tradition and modernity; and |
| when after the process of self-discovery and | | | | impressed upon the Muslims on the necessity of |
| self-realization the Muslims realized that they were | | | | inner change by seeking self-realization and action. |
| indeed a 'nation according to any definition' | | | | Like Jinnah and Iqbal, another person who held |
| belonging to a 'different religious philosophies, social | | | | strong influence on the Muslims of subcontinent |
| customs, literatures and civilization'. Then, the | | | | was Sir Syed Ahmed Khan who was the earliest |
| reserve formed due to lack of name, deceptive | | | | exponent of Muslim Nationalism and made |
| phrases like minority, and the unjust attitude | | | | considerable efforts to rehabilitate the Muslims |
| during atrocious Congress2 rule 3,4 ceased to be | | | | immediately after 1857 rebellion11 in the fields of |
| a reserve anymore, and the nation envisaged the | | | | education, religion, social life and politics. |
| possibility of creating a country for themselves | | | | True, that the birth of Pakistan was triggered by |
| where they could 'develop to the fullest their | | | | factors like political, religious, economic and cultural, |
| spiritual, cultural, economic, social and political life'. | | | | but had it not been for the will of people, the |
| So, triggered by the Islamic morals and led by | | | | vision of Pakistan could never be realized. Nations |
| their 'Quaid-e-Azam'5 Mohammad Ali Jinnah,6 | | | | can only come into existence if they possess |
| Muslims of India marched to their destiny of | | | | courage to achieve their purpose. And if a nation |
| sovereign status and won the battle for Pakistan | | | | fails to produce a person with marked leadership |
| not with an army but with the power of words | | | | abilities their courage could prove futile. Muslims |
| written with their determination. | | | | were fortunate to have such leaders in the |
| It was Jinnah who guided his people to the cause | | | | persons like Jinnah, Sir Syed, Iqbal, Ali Brothers |
| of the freedom. It was Jinnah who stood | | | | (Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar & Maulana |
| steadfast for the rights of Muslims of India. And it | | | | Shaukat Ali Jauhar) and Liaquat Ali Khan during the |
| was indeed Jinnah who led his devoted followers | | | | struggle for Pakistan. These leaders were |
| to victory. And all of this with in a decade. It could | | | | responsible in creating consciousness among |
| only have been his utmost devotion and faith in | | | | Muslim masses for the realization of their vision of |
| the cause of his dream - the realization of which | | | | Pakistan and for Muslims they were glimmers of |
| was thought to be impossible, carried by his | | | | hope in the era of disappointments and deceits. All |
| strong willful character, which led him to carve out | | | | these leaders had the same idea of the type of |
| a nation out of a subjugated minority and | | | | state they wanted to establish in the name of |
| establish a cultural and national home for it. He | | | | Pakistan. Where Iqbal sought a modernized |
| brought millions of Muslims together on a platform | | | | country relying on the principles of Quran |
| against the two adversaries, each of them far | | | | interpreted from a fresh angle. Likewise Sir Syed |
| stronger then himself and his community, and | | | | and other leaders also encouraged Muslims to |
| allied in their opposition to the creation of Pakistan. | | | | seek Western knowledge and mould themselves |
| Could it have been easy for a man who lived a | | | | according to the modern advancements to keep |
| life deemed modern by the people he was | | | | up with the world yet remaining within the limits |
| struggling for? How could such a man who studied | | | | laid by Islam. Perhaps Jinnah best represented the |
| at London, dressed mostly in the latest | | | | concept of the state of Pakistan envisaged by |
| English-style suits7 (before 1937), spoke a foreign | | | | these leaders and their followers in his own words |
| language (English) which most of the Muslim | | | | as 'Let us lay the foundation of our democracy |
| masses who flocked to listen to his speeches | | | | on the basis of truly Islamic ideals and principles'. |
| couldn't even understand and married8 out of his | | | | The vision of Pakistan does not only lies in history |
| religion (Parsi), managed to weld the highly | | | | but it also forms a part of our national life. |
| conventional Muslims under his banner of separate | | | | Crescent and star on the national flag is an Islamic |
| Pakistan at the age of sixty-four (in 1940)? He | | | | symbol signifying progress, enlightenment and |
| could not have done it unless he staunchly | | | | knowledge. Even the national anthem reflects |
| believed that the Islamic values of the community | | | | Jinnah's vision of Pakistan aspiring for a destiny |
| he was supporting were in consonance with | | | | that is strong and shining, a land that is pure, |
| progress and modernity, which he practiced. | | | | resolve, leading the way to progress and |
| Jinnah's forty-four (1904-48) years public political | | | | perfection, glorifying the past and present. |
| life justifies that he was the most westernized | | | | Notes: |
| political leader of Muslims. No Muslim political leader | | | | 1. Chaudhary Rahmat Ali, while a student at |
| of his time could equal him in terms of modernity | | | | Cambridge University issued a pamphlet in 1933 |
| and a modern outlook. He believed in moderation, | | | | entitled 'Now or Never' supporting the idea of |
| ordered progress, democratic norms, Islamic | | | | partition of India and suggesting a name of |
| ideals, integrity, dedication, honesty and hard work. | | | | 'Pakistan-meaning land of pure' for the separate |
| These were the core values he was committed | | | | Muslim nation. According to him, the word Pakistan |
| to throughout his political career; these formed | | | | was composed in the following manner: Punjab, |
| the part of his personality and these he aspired to | | | | Afghania (North-West Frontier Province), Kashmir, |
| see in his country. | | | | Iran, Sindh (including Karachi and Kathiawar), |
| Jinnah had a very clear and a straightforward idea | | | | Tukharistan, Afghanistan, and BalochistaN. |
| about the system of Government he wanted in | | | | 2. Indian National Congress was the political party |
| Pakistan. He wanted to make Pakistan a real | | | | representing the Hindus of India. It was formed in |
| Islamic State through democratic process stating | | | | 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British |
| that the 'constitution of Pakistan would be of a | | | | Official. |
| democratic type, embodying the essential | | | | 3. The British Government announced to hold |
| principles of Islam' as 'Islam and its idealism have | | | | elections to the provincial legislatives assemblies in |
| taught democracy'. 'Pakistan is not going to be a | | | | 1936-37. Congress got clear majority and as a |
| theocratic state to be ruled by priests with a | | | | result Congress ministries were sworn in. |
| divine mission as there were many non-Muslims in | | | | Congress rule was extremely crucial in the history |
| Pakistan who would share equal rights and | | | | of Hindu-Muslim relations as it fully projected Hindu |
| privileges as other citizens'. 'Religion, caste or | | | | racism and anti-Muslim policies. |
| creed will have nothing to do with the affairs of | | | | 4. Jinnah during a Presidential address at Patna in |
| the state' for Islam teaches, equality, justice and | | | | 1938 of a session of Muslim League spoke in detail |
| fair play for everybody. | | | | about the attitude of Congress during its rule to |
| It may be noted here that, by democracy, Jinnah | | | | prove that the party is not a national body of |
| never meant Western system of democracy, but | | | | India. |
| a sort of Islamic democracy which is at home | | | | 5. Quaid-e-Azam means Great Leader. The title |
| with Muslims' ethics, aspirations, values and code | | | | was given to Jinnah in 1938 during the Muslim |
| of morality as the state which he founded was | | | | League's session at Patna by Mian Feroz-ud-Din |
| inhabited by people of various races and | | | | Ahmad, the Municipal Councilor of Lahore. |
| ethnicities, religions and castes, so a purely | | | | 6. Mohammad Ali Jinnah was born on 25th |
| western style of democracy could never suit | | | | December 1876 in Karachi. He was an eminent |
| here. Jinnah wanted to see Pakistan an | | | | lawyer, a practical politician, a gifted orator, a |
| embodiment of progressive, modern, dynamic and | | | | sound statesman and the architect of the nation |
| forward-looking Islam. Same were the qualities he | | | | of Pakistan. He joined Muslim League in 1913 that |
| sought in the nation of his State. He envisioned a | | | | later strengthened the Muslims struggle for |
| nation that is open-minded with high social and | | | | freedom. He died in 1948 only a year after he |
| moral ethics and highest aims in economic growth, | | | | created Pakistan. |
| national solidarity and education. Jinnah said that | | | | 7. It was the first time in the December of 1937 |
| there were three main pillars, which go in making | | | | at Lacknow that Jinnah made a public appearance |
| a nation worthy: education, economic and industrial | | | | dressed in sherwani or achkan, tight pajamas and |
| strength, and defence. His famous slogan of Unity, | | | | his trademark karakuli cap. Source: india-today.com |
| Faith and Discipline were designed precisely to | | | | itoday/millennium/100people/jinnah.html |
| appeal to the Muslims sense of national solidarity. | | | | 8. Jinnah married Ruttie (Ruttan Bai), the only |
| Jinnah rejected western capitalist economic | | | | daughter of Bombay Parsi industrialist, Sir Dinshaw |
| system and emphasized on an economic system | | | | Petit in 1918 in Bombay. |
| based on the concepts of equality and social | | | | 9. Muhammad Iqbal was born in 1877 at Sialkot. |
| justice. He believed that Pakistan was blessed with | | | | He was a prominent poet, philosopher, scholar, |
| enormous economic resources and potentials and | | | | lawyer, politician and above all the ideologue of |
| it is for the people to make best use of them. | | | | Pakistan. Iqbal is the National Poet of Pakistan. He |
| Laying his importance on national consolidation he | | | | died in 1938. |
| urged the nation to 'work in co-operation, | | | | 10. All India Muslim League was the political party |
| forgetting the past' and called provincialism a | | | | representing the Muslims of India. It was formed |
| 'poison' considering it one of the barrier towards | | | | in 1906 by Nawab Salim Ullah Khan and Nawab |
| the progress and development of a nation. He | | | | Viquar-ul-Mulk. |
| emphasized the necessity of educating the nation | | | | 11. In May 1857, Indian natives rose in rebellion |
| in 'scientific and technical education in order to build | | | | against the Britishers and marched towards Delhi. |
| up future economic life' so Pakistan could | | | | Bahadur Shah-II was made the emperor. But the |
| 'compete with the world'. He envisioned the | | | | liberation forces were defeated and Delhi was |
| national character of Pakistan built on 'highest | | | | occupied. This rebellion is recorded in history as |
| sense of honor, integrity, selfless services to the | | | | War of Independence 1857. The war ended in |
| nation, and sense of responsibility' and 'fully | | | | 1858 and brought calamity for the Muslims. As the |
| equipped to play a part in the various branches of | | | | English launched a mass scale campaign of |
| economic life'. | | | | atrocities against the natives especially Muslims |
| But Jinnah was not the only Muslim leader of | | | | who they held responsible for the uprising. |
| United India who exercised deep influence over | | | | References: |
| the Muslims of the sub-continent. It is true that | | | | 1. AS Akbar. Jinnah, Pakistan & Islamic |
| Jinnah's determination and his excellent organizing | | | | Identity: The Search for Saladin. Oxford University |
| skills were highly important contributing factors, | | | | Press. Karachi: 1997. |
| but Jinnah could never create Pakistan, had not | | | | 2. Ch M Ali. The Emergence of Pakistan. University |
| the Muslims masses believed in his ideal and | | | | of the Punjab Publishers. Lahore: 1988. |
| faithfully worked with intense zeal for the | | | | 3. SM Burke, S Quraishi. Quaid-e-Azam |
| realization of the same. This consciousness came | | | | Mohammad Ali Jinnah: His Personality & His |
| in the shape of works of literature of poet like | | | | Politics. Oxford University Press. Karachi: 1997. |
| Iqbal 9, which reached and touched the hearts of | | | | 4. TM Dogar. Pakistan Affairs: Past & |
| masses. Iqbal through his literature came to have | | | | Present. Tariq & Brothers Publishers. Lahore: |
| deep influence over the Muslims of the | | | | 1994. |
| sub-continent. He is credited for initiating the idea | | | | 5. SA Ghafoor. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali |
| of separation, as he was the first prominent public | | | | Jinnah: His Life & Ideals. Ferozsons (Pvt.) Ltd. |
| figure to bring forth the demand of Pakistan in his | | | | Lahore: 2005. |
| presidential address to the Muslim League's 10 | | | | 6. J Iqbal. The Legacy of Quaid-e-Azam. |
| annual session at Allahabad in 1930 as President of | | | | Ferozsons (Pvt.) Ltd. Lahore: 1967. |
| the Punjab Muslim League in words which resound | | | | 7. Syed SH Kadri. Creation of Pakistan. Wajidalis |
| in the minds of every Pakistani even today and | | | | Publishers. Lahore: 1982. |
| which by 1940 became so loud that Jinnah | | | | 8. M Mir. Iqbal. Iqbal Academy Pakistan. Lahore: |
| adopted it as the ultimate goal. | | | | 2006. |
| Iqbal is the ideological founding father of the nation | | | | 9. MS Mir. Iqbal: The Progressive. Mustafa Waheed |
| and can safely be called a modern Muslim | | | | Publishers. Lahore: 1990. |
| reformer. He was driven to the dream of | | | | 10. IH Qureshi. The Muslim Community of the |
| Pakistan on communal lines with which he | | | | Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent. Ma'aref Ltd. Publishers. |
| approached the problem of the future of Muslims | | | | Karachi: 1977. |
| and pressed for division of India on racial, religious | | | | 11. IH Qureshi. The Struggle for Pakistan. |
| and linguistic lines. Though Iqbal's vision of Pakistan | | | | University of Karachi Publishers. Karachi: 1987. |
| had strong religious overtones owing to his strong | | | | 12. KB Sayeed. The Poltical System of Pakistan. |
| Islamic upbringing yet he was the only Muslim | | | | Queen's University Publishers. Kingston: 1966. |
| intellectual of his time who strived to make Islam | | | | 13. KA Shafique. Iqbal: An Illustrated Biography. |
| meaningful for the 20th Century man. He dreamt | | | | Iqbal Academy Pakistan. Lahore: 2005. |
| of the revival of Islam in its original and pure form | | | | 14. M Siddiqui, TK Gilani. Essays on Quaid-e-Azam. |
| and believed in the establishment of an Islamic | | | | Shahzad Publishers. Lahore: 1976. |
| system based on the principles of Islam. He | | | | 15. K Sultana. Allama Muhammad Iqbal as a |
| believed in the possibility of the adjustment of | | | | Politician (1926-1938). National Book Foundation. |
| Islam in modern world, emphasizing that the true | | | | Islamabad: 1998. |