The Presidential Cycle in the Stock Market - Fact or Myth?

You may have heard about the presidential cycleSure it makes sense. The leading theory is that in
in stocks.the first year or two of a president's term,
Or maybe you haven't. If not, here it is in aeconomic sacrifices are made. Painful decisions
nutshell: Stocks do their best in the third year ofcome early, such as fighting inflation, cutting back
the four-year presidential term-that is, in the yearspending, and even starting wars. New priorities
preceding the next presidential election year.are introduced, fresh ideas abound. But by the
Since 2007 is the third year of the currentthird year of its hold on the White House, the
presidential cycle-the next election will be inincumbent administration emphasizes economic
2008-let's see whether there's any truth to thestimuli to gain favor for the coming election
presidential cycle, or if it is just an urban myth.campaign.
Various studies have been done on theCongress-no matter which party holds the White
phenomenon, covering different time periods andHouse-wants the same thing: to gain favor for
using different indexes as proxies for ''thethe upcoming election. Presidential election years
market.'' All of the studies are in agreement. Thehave the biggest stakes of any national election:
presidential cycle is not a myth. Stocks, in fact,All of the House's seats are in play, along with a
have historically done their best in the third yearthird of the Senate's seats, and of course the
of the election cycle. They have been doing sopresidency itself is up for grabs. Whether the
for decades, it doesn't matter what index youDemocrats or Republicans currently control the
look at, and the data is not even close.White House, each party wants to win it. So
In fact, the data supports recurring trends forCongress wants to juice the economy too.
each year of the four-year presidential electionIn essence, year three is the "setup" year for
cycle.both parties to hit next year's campaign trail with
Here is some data. One study used the S&Ptheir best arguments in place. The incumbent
500 and the time period from 1952 to 2003. Theparty wants voters go to the polls with jobs and
results were that the average annual total returna feeling of economic well being. The party out of
for the market has been about 6 percent in yearpower wants to have an economic record that
one of the presidential cycle (that is, the firstthey can argue is even stronger than the
post-election year), 8 percent in year two, 23incumbent party's.
percent in year three (the pre-election year), andWill the cycle repeat itself in 2007? Well, we've
11 percent in year four. Returns from the mosthad the capture of both houses of Congress by
recently completed cycle just about matchedthe Democrats, who will set the congressional
those numbers: year three (2003) produced a gainagenda for the next two years. But the White
(in the S&P) of 26 percent and year fourHouse is still controlled by the Republicans. Does
(2004) produced 9 percent.that equate to uncertainty, which is historically felt
Another study covered the years 1889 throughto be an enemy of a rising market? Or does it
2005, also using the S&P 500 (and itsjust mean stalemate, which is not usually felt to
predecessors) as the proxy for the market. Itsbe a bad thing for the market?
conclusions were that returns were about 3Only time will tell. But in the absence of a
percent in year one, 3 percent in year two, 11compelling negative event on the horizon (I don't
percent in year three, and 8 percent in year four.see one), or compelling negative current data (as
The same study also looked at the data fromyou might have if the market were wildly
another angle, measuring the percentage of yearsovervalued, which it is not), the long-time pattern
that the market was up for the year. The result:very strongly suggests that 2007 will be a good
The market was up in 57 percent of year one's,year for the stock market. After all, the historical
55 percent of year two's, 79 percent of yeardata itself covers election cycles in which there
three's, and 73 percent of year four's.were all kinds of economic conditions and every
Other studies support the strong-year-threecombination of party control of the White House
indicator: Since 1945, the S&P has gained anand Congress. The clear pattern of strong returns
average of 18 percent in the third years ofin year three has emerged from all those varying
election cycles, compared with an average of 9conditions.
percent in all years. Year three has not had aLet's hope that this year three of the cycle, 2007,
down year since 1939. And so on.matches the last year three, 2003, when the
Clearly, there is a pattern. Does this make sense,market returned 26 percent. That would be
or is it a mere a statistical accident? Do politicalsomething that all stock investors could celebrate.
considerations affect the stock market?