| Democracy as a System | | | | normative aspects of life but he knows how to |
| During the last two centuries, political democracy | | | | employ, apply, and operate all these norms in |
| has been the center of attraction by its | | | | practical aspects of life. Without these |
| practitioners for the main purpose of establishing | | | | qualifications, no person can fully and meaningfully |
| a legitimate system to maintain property rights | | | | participate in materializing technological democracy |
| and capitalism. The U.S. Constitution was framed | | | | and fully, or at least substantially, enjoy its fruits. |
| with this main purpose in mind. Big government | | | | It is obvious that to achieve this goal the society |
| began with the " Founding Fathers, who | | | | needs a special and appropriate kind of educational |
| deliberately set up a strong central government | | | | system. |
| to protect the interests of the bondholders, the | | | | Technology, as a second component of |
| slave owners, the land speculators, the | | | | technological democracy, is mostly a self-operating |
| manufacturers. For the next two hundred years, | | | | system which facilitates and substantially helps in |
| the American government continued to serve the | | | | materializing the contribution of the other two |
| interests of the wealthy and powerful, offering | | | | components. One of the essential requirements |
| millions of acres of free land to the railroads, | | | | for a democratic process is freedom of |
| setting high tariffs to protect manufacturers, | | | | information. This can be only possible to a full |
| giving tax breaks to oil corporations, and using its | | | | extent through high-technology |
| armed forces to suppress strikes and rebellions." | | | | information-communication system, labeled here |
| [1] | | | | as the "Technodem" standing for "technological |
| It was not until after the Second World War that | | | | democracy." There is no need to mention the |
| attention was given to the reality of the situation. | | | | overwhelming importance and influence of |
| Since then monopoly capitalism, having its roots in | | | | electronic technology at the present time on the |
| the late 19th and early 20th centuries, has | | | | political electoral process and in operation of |
| established its firm grip on the American economy | | | | economy. |
| and through that, on the economy of many | | | | The Technodem is a centralized yet highly |
| developing countries. Similar developments, though | | | | dispersed self-operating information-communication |
| in a less dramatic manner, were followed by other | | | | system free of abuse or manipulation. Among its |
| industrialized countries of Western Europe and | | | | many functions to help people in their daily life, is |
| Japan. | | | | the supervision of all business and governmental |
| The 1960s and early 1970s uprisings in the United | | | | functions, particularly checking the employee wage |
| States was the first organized reaction against | | | | system and competence, holding elections and |
| the monopoly capitalist group and the government | | | | helping communities in many ways in carrying out |
| which protected its interests. The movement | | | | their daily functions. Compared to this system and |
| brought significant transformation in the operation | | | | its role in materializing democracy, the present |
| of the system such as passage of four civil rights | | | | electronic technology, despite its phenomenal |
| acts, education, anti-poverty, medicaid and | | | | advancements, appears primitive. There is no |
| medicare legislation, but failed in achieving its main | | | | need for additional advancement in electronic |
| purpose of changing the system for two reasons. | | | | technology to form the Technodem, it is a |
| First, since it took a violent form, it legitimized | | | | matter of putting proper pieces of the existing |
| forceful and brutal state action to suppress it. | | | | technology together and expand them. It is more |
| Second, more importantly, while the primary aim | | | | a managerial and administrative matter. The |
| was to undo the existing "establishment," there | | | | system is totally neutral and impartial in rendering |
| was no other suitable alternative envisioned to | | | | its services since no human hand is involved in its |
| replace it. Some had suggested socialism as a | | | | operation. Thus, in a technological democracy a |
| substitute, but it received no support. First, for | | | | true democracy without high-technology is |
| lack of social education, socialism was not properly | | | | unthinkable even impossible. It is for this reason |
| understood and because of capitalist propaganda it | | | | that technology constitutes an indispensable |
| was considered as another evil system. Second, | | | | component of technological democratic system. |
| socialism as practiced by some Western European | | | | The third and the most important component of |
| countries was not what the theory intended to | | | | technological democratic society is the principle of |
| be. It was just another form of capitalism, maybe | | | | equality of opportunity under which the society |
| not as bad. | | | | operates. The simple meaning of the term is that |
| Consequently, the hold of monopoly capitalism on | | | | every individual must have equal opportunity of |
| the economies of the United States and other | | | | access to social, economic, and political means in |
| industrialized countries continued to increase. | | | | society. But its application is not as simple as its |
| However, the movement and this technological | | | | definition. In fact, it is quite complex and requires |
| monopolistic capitalism have attracted the | | | | particular attention to the meaning of the term in |
| attention of different scientists and philosophers | | | | each occasion. In the following essays, as we try |
| to the erosion of individual rights, liberties and | | | | to illustrate its application in certain major areas of |
| widening class stratification. By 1968, Dr. Martin | | | | function, we will gain increasing knowledge of its |
| Luther King "had come to believe that our | | | | nature, its meaning and a better understanding of |
| economic system was fundamentally unjust and | | | | it. |
| needed radical transformation. He spoke of 'the | | | | The principle does not intend to provide for a |
| evils of capitalism' and asked for 'a radical | | | | society of equals in its absolute sense. It leads |
| redistribution of economic and political power.'" [2] | | | | toward an equitable society where each person is |
| This illness comes from the fact that is nearly | | | | equal to another with the same level of |
| never talked about: that the United States is a | | | | knowledge, capability, and experience. Its proper |
| class society, in which 1% of the population owns | | | | application eliminates social stratification and |
| some 33% of the wealth, with an underclass of | | | | moves the society toward an equitable class |
| about 40 million people living in poverty. [3] Claim | | | | structure. Equality of opportunity, as the highest |
| of the U.S. being a democratic society appears | | | | and essential principle of technological democracy, |
| nonsense. The U.S. Constitution gives the citizens | | | | is permanent and universally controls any human |
| power to rule themselves, but the capitalist | | | | authority whatever. All other principles of societal |
| system does not offer opportunity for such | | | | life concerned with freedom, liberty, pursuit of |
| power to be properly and effectively used. | | | | happiness and other human rights are derived |
| This essay attempt to introduce in brief a | | | | from and the consequence of this principle's |
| philosophy of the future society in which all power | | | | proper application. These ideas are to be obeyed |
| to rule are returned to the people. As all trends | | | | only when they are consistent with principle of |
| indicate, all advanced societies are moving to | | | | equality of opportunity to which they are always |
| reach such end and sooner or later will attain it. | | | | subordinate. Under its protection, each individual |
| This is a description of a complete democratic | | | | has a right to preserve his life, liberty and |
| system never presented before. It has been | | | | property during the full span of his life. It is not |
| labeled "technological democracy," and is looked | | | | only the source of a broad spectrum of liberties |
| upon as a system by itself, embracing not only | | | | for the individual, but a liberator of operation of |
| the political components of society but also its | | | | communities and the society as a whole. It is the |
| economic and social parts as well, all put together | | | | source of happiness for all. Its utility, in every |
| as a system. The important aspect of this theory | | | | direction of application, is always supportive of |
| is that all its components are interdependent; If | | | | what is just, moral and good. Equality of |
| any of them is missing, democracy is defective to | | | | opportunity is per se neither equality nor freedom |
| that extent and a true democracy is not present. | | | | but it provides grounds for both, equality based |
| In the United States, for example, as it has been | | | | on knowledge and experience, freedom so broad |
| presented in the previous essays, there is no | | | | that it cannot be fully expressed, but possible to |
| economic democracy when it is controlled by a | | | | enjoy. |
| small economic elite, and social democracy is | | | | In a technological democratic society, the public |
| substantially missing when there is racism, sexism, | | | | functions are brought to their minimum. The |
| lack of appropriate educational opportunities, lack | | | | structure and functions of the government are |
| of health care, housing, transportation, adequate | | | | substantially reduced particularly at the national |
| old age benefits, etc. Thus, there is very little | | | | and state levels. A mass of these functions are |
| meaningful democracy in the United States, if any. | | | | discarded and a substantial amount of the rest is |
| The same applies maybe to a lesser degree to | | | | performed by the Technodem in a democratic, |
| other industrialized nations which have a | | | | reliable, and unabused manner; a good part is |
| semi-socialist-capitalistic operation. The dominant | | | | transferred to local, state and national social |
| fact is that no substantive or procedural | | | | organizations, and to the production institutions |
| democracy can materialize in any society without | | | | where individuals are employed. The old concept |
| economic democracy. | | | | of "the best government is the least," takes place. |
| Technological Democracy and its components | | | | For the first time also the government by the |
| Technological society is distinguished from all | | | | people, for the people and of the people is |
| previous societies by the very presence of high | | | | materialized. |
| technology affecting every aspect of life from | | | | In the following essays, for the lack of space, we |
| home, transportation, work, business, government | | | | will illustrate only three important aspects of |
| to leisure and recreation. Technological democratic | | | | application of the principle of equality of |
| society is yet sharply distinguished from | | | | opportunity in the areas of education, |
| technological society by an essential and important | | | | employment, ownership of property and the |
| component which is the principle of equality of | | | | Technodem. This is a quite complex, but highly |
| opportunity. In simple description, there are three | | | | pragmatic, theory of democracy and cannot be |
| basic components forming the organic structure | | | | easily understood. Its full understanding is |
| of technological democratic society: Individual, | | | | necessary for proper evaluation and justification. |
| technology, and equality of opportunity. No one of | | | | Full description and explanation of the theory are |
| these can provide for democracy without full | | | | found in the materials referred to below. [4] |
| employment of the other two. Definition of each | | | | References: |
| component, for this purpose, is also different | | | | 1. Howard Zinn, The People's History of the United |
| from the usual dictionary meaning of these terms. | | | | States, New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1999, |
| People is a collection of individuals. An individual is | | | | p. 637 |
| necessary to operate the system. But he is a | | | | 2. Ibid., p.631 |
| special kind of individual. He is well aware of the | | | | 3. Ibid., p. 612 |
| other two components. He knows all about the | | | | 4. Reza Rezazadeh, Technological Democracy: A |
| essence of technology and its proper role in | | | | Humanistic Philosophy of the Future Society,1990, |
| democratic society. He is also deeply committed | | | | pp.245+. |
| to the principle of equality of opportunity and its | | | | ----------------, Technodemocratic Economic Theory: |
| application. This required span of knowledge | | | | From Capitalism and Socialism to Democracy, |
| makes him a high quality human being that the | | | | 1992, pp.254+ . |
| world has never before encountered in masses. | | | | ----------------, Passage to a Just Society: Secrets |
| He is self-conscious, eager to learn, well informed | | | | of Democratic Life, Leisure and Happiness, 2002, |
| of social and technological norms and democratic | | | | pp.287, simplified presentation for general public. |
| principles. His knowledge is not limited to the | | | | |