God Willing? Political Fundamentalism in the White House, the 'War on Terror', and the Echoing Press

David Domke, God Willing? Political Fundamentalismnews coverage, and argues that they allowed the
in the White House, the 'War on Terror', and theadministration simultaneously to push for
Echoing Press. London and Ann Arbor, Ml: Plutoimmediate action on specific "war on terrorism"
Press, 2004. 240 pp.policies and to justify this desire as a requisite
The relationship between politics and media hasstep in a long-term, God- ordained process. The
always been a topic for vast researches. On theimplication was clear: to not act quickly or to not
other hand the use of religious discourse inendure in the campaign against terrorism was to
addresses and speeches of politicians to backrisk another September 11.
their policies is not a new issue. But what is doneIn chapter 4 evidence is offered of how the
in this book that makes is outstanding anduniversal gospel of freedom and liberty, offered
different is an analysis of the interconnectionsby the president and echoed by the press,
among all these three together. Thus Davidfunctioned as a central rationale for the
Domke's book is ideally positioned to cut right intoadministration's foreign policies, particularly in
the heart of debates about the modernjustifying the new preemptive doctrine and the
developments at the intersection of religion,Iraq war.
politics and media within the US. According to him,Chapter 5 focuses on how the administration's
the foreign and domestic foreign developments inemphasis upon political unity and harsh rebukes of
the aftermath of the terrorist attacks ofthose dissented worked together to encourage
September 11, 2001 were not only (neo)support for the administration, and to suggest
conservative, but also firmly grounded in athat anyone who held opposing views was
(Christian) religious fundamentalism. Domke arguesunpatriotic and potentially placing people in the
that the Bush administration has turned a religiousUnited States at risk.
worldview into political policy and has createdChapter 6 reflects upon the collection of evidence,
what Domke calls a 'political fundamentalism',in three central sections. First, it argues that the
defined as 'an intertwining of conservative religiousBush administration offers an instructive case
faith, politics, and strategic communication' (p. 6).study of how political fundamentalism can gain
The book is also a critique of the Bushwide support in the United States. The chapter's
administration's disregard for democracy in thesecond section scrutinizes the role of news media
months following the attack.in these processes, with the argument that in a
The introductory chapter of God Willing? identifiesnation-challenging context, commercial mass media
four main characteristics of the Bushare drawn to the discourses of political
administration's communication that wereconservatives, particularly those that are
grounded in a conservative religious worldview: (1)religiously grounded. The final section of the
a binary concept of reality (apparent in thechapter explores how cultural leaders might craft
consistent use of two constructions: good vs. evila moral discourse that counters the predominance
and security vs. peril); (2) an obsession with timeof political fundamentalism, and why it is crucial for
and demands for immediate action againstU.S. citizens and others that they do so.
terrorism(manifest in two beliefs: that action in theChapter 7 offers conclusions, focusing on
here and now is imperative, and that one'simplications of the administration's political
commitment to a certain course of action, iffundamentalism for democracy, both in the United
perceived to be God inspired, should be of anStates and globally.
enduring nature); (3) declarations about the will ofIn the way the writer brings a rigorous analysis of
god for the united states and the values ofa wide range of empirical material, David Domke's
freedom and liberty; and finally (4) an intolerancework is of great value to study. However, to
for dissent(apparent in the administration's unifiedwhat extent his work can contribute to a better
voice in public communication, its appeals for otherunderstanding of the relationship between religion,
political actors to act with political unity and itspolitics, and the media is a matter of question.
harsh criticisms of dissenters). In each of theSome scholars may find it the role of religion has
chapters that follow, one of these characteristicsbeen exaggerated. Some scholars may question
is defined and discussed in detail, with evidencethe way he has analyzed meaning formation and
offering its consistent presence in the publicreception in media as it is a subjective matter.
communications of the president between 11Nevertheless, the book very well clarifies how the
September 2001 and 1 may 2003.actions of the Bush administration and the news
In chapter 2 he examines the presence of twomedia are directly counter to fundamental
binaries in the president's discourse and newsAmerican democratic ideals and principles. It
coverage after September 11- good versus evilshows how civil religion is used to promote its
and security versus peril- and argues that thesepolitical goals and to justify self-interest. So "God
conceptions of reality reflected and contributed toWilling" is a must-read for anyone who cherishes
a sense of moral certitude among the bushAmerican democracy, anyone who feels uneasy
administration that was used to justify limits onabout the Bush Administration's use of religious
civil liberties and major preemptive military actionimages, as well as those who have concerns
while also helping to engender public support forabout the way the press helps Bush advance his
the president and administration's "war on terror".agenda. However, the potential and necessity for
Chapter 3 offers evidence of time fixationsfurther discussion on the subject exists that can
throughout the administration's discourse andencourage other scholars.