| Ethics is founded on the view that the values of | | | | impossible to achieve, it would have significant |
| liberal democracy should be rethought rather than | | | | consequences for our actions in the values that |
| abandoned on the excuse of globalization, or | | | | we should be attempting to next realize and the |
| defended by an attempt to recreate the strong | | | | balances we made between those values and |
| states of the recent past. People would, however, | | | | their competitors. |
| argue for the protection and preservation of | | | | To think that the solution to the challenges posed |
| state-based institutions wherever possible pending | | | | by globalization to existing strong states is to |
| the emergence of new institutions. | | | | create a new, larger, universal 'strong state' |
| Globalization clears the way for the wider | | | | misses the main point about the decline of |
| application of the values of equality, democracy, | | | | sovereignty. Such a view remains stuck in the |
| welfare and community. Most enlightenment | | | | assumptions held during the period of strong |
| values were claims for all human beings. The | | | | states. What is likely to emerge is a world where |
| Declaration by the French Assembly was of the | | | | institutions cross previous international boundaries |
| rights of man. The American Declaration of | | | | and do not claim, unlike sovereign states, to cover |
| Independence held 'these truths to be | | | | all areas of life. |
| self-evident, that all men are created equal. | | | | The values of the Enlightenment as challenged, |
| Despite the universality of these claims, the | | | | modified and developed by 250 years of legal, |
| institutions created by the state were exclusively | | | | political and social philosophy provide an excellent |
| devoted to providing rights to its own citizens. A | | | | starting point -not least because of the |
| more globalised political philosophy may allow | | | | fundamental Enlightenment shift in the relationship |
| these values to have global application. The | | | | between the state and citizen. Rather than |
| concepts of sovereignty and no intervention | | | | concentrating on the obligations of subject to |
| provided the context for the development of | | | | sovereign, it emphasized that public institutions |
| liberal democratic values. They also provided | | | | have to be justified on the basis of how they |
| protection for these fledgling values from outside | | | | serve the citizens. The North Atlantic |
| interference by more authoritarian regimes, which | | | | Enlightenment did not hold a monopoly on truth, |
| disliked democracy. However, the walls of | | | | but was an important step forward in the |
| sovereignty also acted as a barrier to these | | | | universal struggle to improve the human condition. |
| values spreading to neighboring states whose | | | | What is needed now is an international search for |
| citizens were often in much need of them. | | | | new and revised values to which all may |
| The fact that values become impossible, or | | | | contribute and in which all may learn from the |
| virtually impossible, to realize does not eliminate | | | | ideas, and failures of others. As in so many other |
| their value (at least not in my reading of the fact | | | | areas, the claim to universality must be |
| value relationship). However, if such values were | | | | accompanied by surrender to it. |