Democratic Policing - Management and Organizational Issues

States (nations) are obligated to create adecisions they can make. All police should be clear
structural and managerial environment that willon the procedure to clarify orders, and how to
enable the police to effectively and efficientlychallenge possible unlawful orders properly. They all
implement the provisions of the rule of law,should also know who can make what decisions.
domestic and international law, and acceptedJust because someone is a supervisor in one
human rights standards. There must be ansection of the police it does not mean that he or
independent police structure that can operateshe can give orders just because of rank. They
without interference from other agencies. Thisshould not be able to give orders or directives to
does not mean that there is no type of outsidethose outside or their respective section.
oversight, as that is needed. What you do notProper Logistical Support
want is a police agency that becomes a privateA police agency cannot operate without proper
army for a minister or other similar departmentlogistical support. This means that the government
head.needs to provide all of the necessary vehicles,
The Rights of Police Personnel.equipment and uniforms for the police to perform
One of the key issues that needs to betheir duties. If they expect the police to work in
addressed through laws and policies are the rightsall sorts of weather conditions, then the proper
of police personnel. Yes, the police personnel needtype of uniforms need to be provided (like
their rights protected, and one of the bestraincoats and parkas). The police should not have
methods is a clear code of criminal procedure andto make personal purchases to do their job.
a well structured and organized standard operatingAlong these lines there must be an accountability
procedure (police policies). Police need to knowsystem for police equipment and supplies for the
what their rights are and under what authoritypolice agency. This type of system is common
they operate. They also need internal assurancesthroughout the world and there should be a
through policy that they will not be subject tosystem already developed somewhere that can
autocratic rule and arbitrary decisions made bybe adopted. This is to ensure that the police do
the police leadership. That type of operation whichnot squander their resources and to prevent
is more like a dictatorship, only has the policecorruption involving logistical issues.
"walking on eggshells" and in fear of their ownProper Training
police command structure. While that may resultNo police agency can be effective without proper
in obedient police, they will definitely be antraining. Of course there needs to be a solid
ineffective force that is not likely to have anytraining base at the academy (entry) level. This
innovation or any type of true initiative.needs to cover the countries criminal laws, the
Chain of Command.criminal procedure, arrest search and seizure, and
One of the key elements in police policies andall the physical basics of arrest, shooting and
laws is the chain of command. Every policedriving.
working within the agency should be given a clearBeyond that, there needs to be training available
cut picture of what the chain of command is.beyond the basic academy level. There needs to
Autocratic leaders from non-democratic policingbe courses on middle and upper management.
agencies do not understand the chain ofThere also needs to be specialty training like CSI,
command. They tend to want to give ordersforensics, investigation techniques, S.W.A.T. and
directly to the lowest level officer strait from thevarious other advanced courses. The police need
police leadership. They do not realize that chain ofto know what it is they are enforcing (the law)
command is a two way structure, and theand how to enforce the law. Of course in-service
directives and orders need to follow the chaintraining on key issues like human rights and
downwards to the officer. They tend to by-passcriminal law updates is important too.
all the middle level supervisors, and then laterFor the police to be a viable police agency the
chastise them for not knowing about the orders.police need to be trained. I do not mean just the
It is important to instill that the chain of commandleadership either. The lowest level officer needs to
works both ways and one of the main purposesbe trained so they can function in a proper
of the chain of command is to protect the basicmanner. Many times fledgling countries do not
police officer. If the chain of command is not clearwant to pay for the additional training of their
or not followed it can only make the policepolice. However, without proper training you can
agency weaker and inefficient.only have a haphazard police agency.
Operating Procedures (SOP) on supervisionProper police management is a key factor in
Along with chain of command, the Standarddeveloping a police agency that maintains
Operating Procedures (SOP) on supervision shoulddemocratic policing principles. A democracy
be clear-cut. All leaders at all levels need to knowwithout democratic policing is almost like having
what they are authorized to do, and whatthe right to vote, but no access to a polling place.