Climatic Conditions and Water Availability in the Middle East

The Center East is really an area dominated byvariable seasonally and inter-annually.
arid and semi-arid lands, with substantial places ofExcept from the southern part of the Arabian
extreme aridity. In the northern section of thePeninsula with summer time rains, precipitation
area, a steppe climate prevails, with cold wintersoccurs Within the Middle East during winter. The
and warm summers. A narrow zone contiguoussummer dried out period lasts for 6-10 months
to the Mediterranean Sea is classified like a(UNEP, 1997). Average yearly rainfall ranges from
Mediterranean zone, with wet and moderately0 mm to 200 mm, only within the north-western
comfortable winters and dry summers, whereascomponents along the Mediterranean Sea, down
the central and southern component using thefrom Turkey till Lebanon and also the northern
core of the Arabian peninsula is very dried outparts of Palestine and Jordan the values exceed
with very warm summers and moderate500 mm and more.
temperatures in winter.There was no discernible trend in annual
Water is a very restricted resource. Droughts,precipitation throughout the last century (1901-99)
desertification, and drinking water shortages arefor that area like a whole, nor in most parts from
permanent features of life in most of thethe region-except in the south-western part of
countries within the area. Their native plants andthe Arabian Peninsula, exactly where there was
animals are adapted to coping with sequences ofan significant improve, nevertheless, in relation to
severe climatic problems. Across the Middle East,a very lower base rainfall.
summer temperatures are usually around 30° C,In typical with other countries in this drinking
but frequently soar above 40° C.water scarce region of the northern aridic belt the
In the Saudi desert, however, temperatures overCenter East has chronic difficulties of drinking
45° C are typical. During the summer, windswater resources. The area is facing a tremendous
blow unabated toward the warm interior from theimbalance between the available water means and
Arabian Peninsula, whereas in winter the winds inthe demand,exactly where water shortage is
the south blow off the land. In northern regions,becoming of permanent nature. Due to its
continental winds brings some rain out for thescarcity drinking water is really a precious
coasts and the mountain ridges behind.Rainfall isresource that is of essential significance to the
low in most section of the area, but it's highlysocio-economic improvement of the Middle East.