| 1789-1860 | | | | (1861-65) resulting in victory for the North.[5] |
| America was the first modern nation to achieve | | | | They were much instrumental in the new turn of |
| independence through a successful revolution | | | | the American political situation. They defended the |
| against colonial rule. Many other colonies have | | | | new United States Constitution, which owed much |
| subsequently won independence, but few have | | | | to the republican theory of mixed government. |
| been as successful in subsequent economic and | | | | The federalists were so favoring towards a |
| political development. [1]. Within America, the two | | | | strong central government.Even tough they had |
| political thoughts, the federalists and the | | | | multiple views in action and was so influential for |
| Republicans, have dominated the whole American | | | | forming the constitution. Generally it is observed |
| political landscape since the second quarter of | | | | that they had a very "Loose" interpretation of the |
| seventeenth century. And we see, International | | | | Constitution. Commercial policy, national security, |
| affairs - the French Revolution and the | | | | and the nation's reputation abroad were |
| subsequent war between royalist Britain and | | | | interrelated aspects of the Federalist conception |
| republican France - decisively shaped American | | | | of America's foreign predicament.[6] |
| politics in 1793-1800.[2] | | | | Featuring towards a new economic growth and |
| Searching through the early beginning of political | | | | social improvement, the mainstream though of |
| party system in America, it is very apparent to | | | | federalism had encouraged commerce and |
| see the initial codification of political thought with | | | | manufacturing to improve further than the less |
| the active beginning of federalist movement by | | | | productive existing situation. And they were very |
| celebrated leaders like George Washington, John | | | | strong in Northeast and being reluctant to join |
| Adams, and Alexander Hamilton. As a land mark in | | | | with the polarizing thoughts of France they |
| American history, the Federalist Party in American | | | | favored close ties with Britain, tough it became a |
| politics is considered to be the party that | | | | big reason of expression of fear and anxiety |
| organized the national government of the United | | | | from republicans. |
| States of America under the constitution of 1787. | | | | From a federalist perspective they emphasized |
| [3] | | | | order and stability. Emphasized states' rights. And |
| The framers of the Constitution had not prepared | | | | contrast to the federalist thought republics had a |
| their plan of government with political parties in | | | | "Strict" interpretation of the Constitution. And in |
| mind. They hoped that the "better sort of | | | | contrast the federalist thoughts, the republics paid |
| citizens" would debate key issues and reach a | | | | more attention to agriculture and rural life. Their |
| harmonious consensus regarding how best to | | | | major strength was in South and West. Ironically |
| legislate for the nation's future. Thomas Jefferson | | | | in deep deviation from the federalist though the |
| reflected widespread sentiments when he | | | | republicans had a Foreign policy sympathized with |
| declared in 1789, "If I could not go to heaven but | | | | France. And more trust was given on civil liberties |
| with a party, I would not go there at all."[4] | | | | and trust in the people. |
| Yet despite a belief that parties were evil and | | | | References |
| posed a threat to enlightened government, the | | | | 1. The Birth of Political Parties, The First New |
| nation's first political parties emerged in the | | | | Nation 1790s, retrieved on 3rd march 2008 |
| mid-1790s. Several factors contributed to the | | | | [ |
| birth of parties. The Federalists, under the | | | | 2. Elkins and McKitrick, ch 8; Sharp (1993) p. 70 |
| leadership of George Washington, John Adams, | | | | for quote, retrieved on 3rd March |
| and Alexander Hamilton, feared that their | | | | 3. Article defining federalism, Retrieved on 2 March |
| opponents wanted to tear down the Union, | | | | 2008 |
| destabilize morality and property rights, and ally | | | | 4. Encyclopedia of politics: The left and the right, |
| the United States with revolutionary France. | | | | pp 248, Volume 1, sage publication, 2005 |
| In contrast, the Republicans, under the leadership | | | | 5. Political Parties of the World, pp. 6376th edition, |
| of Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, feared | | | | John Harper Publishing 2005 |
| that the Federalists were trying to establish a | | | | 6 Marshal, Jonathan, Empire or Liberty: The |
| corrupt monarchical society, like the one that | | | | Anti-federalists and Foreign policy, The Journal of |
| existed in Britain, with a standing army, high | | | | Libertarian studies, Vol. IV, No 3 (summer 1980) |
| taxes, and government-subsidized monopolies. | | | | 233 |
| Republican, informally known as the "Grand Old | | | | 7. Skinner, Q.: The Foundations of Modern Political |
| Party (GOP)", was founded in 1854 by opponents | | | | Thought, vol. I: The Renaissance.Cambridge: |
| of Southern slavery. In 1860 its candidate, | | | | Cambridge University Press, 1978. |
| Abraham Lincoln, was elected President with the | | | | 8. Arendt, H.: On Revolution. New York: Viking; |
| votes of the northern states, with the | | | | London: Faber, 1963; Harmondsworth: Penguin, |
| subsequent civil war between North and South | | | | 1973. |