A Free Society Cannot Survive As a Republic Without a Broad Program of General Education

The English colonists in America undertook theSomething that we should note about this time
education of the whole people. They believed thatperiod, is that at this time illiteracy was quite
they must prepare themselves for a most uniquecommon in Europe among the common people.
and important role in the unfolding of modernFrance, for example, had over 24 million
world history. Universal education was consideredinhabitants, but only 500,000 could actually read
an indispensable ingredient for this preparation.and write.
The movement for universal education began inIn the American colonies, the intention of this
New England, in the 1647 the legislature ofeducation system for the children was so that
Massachusetts passed a law requiring everythey could grow up to become well informed
community of 50 families or households to set upcitizens through their own diligent self-study. This
a free public grammar school to teach thealso explains why the Founders were so well read
fundamentals of reading, writing, ciphering, history,having had limited formal education. After learning
geography and Bible study. In addition to this,the fundamentals, they went on to develop
every township with 100 families or more wasknowledge through a self-learning process.
also required to set up a secondary school inThis system of education was so wide spread,
advanced studies to prepare boys for attendancethat by 1831, when Alexis de Tocqueville came to
at Harvard. John Adams said that this programvisit the United States, he was amazed. He said
was designed to defuse knowledge generallythat to find a person that was ignorant of the
through the entire body of the people. He Said:doctrines and evidences of his religion, the history
"They made an early provision by law that everyof his country, and the leading features of the
town consisting of so many families should alwaysConstitution was very rare, a phenomenon.
be furnished with a grammar school. They madeEducation includes Morality and Politics. Alexis also
it a crime for such a town to be destitute of astated that" instruction that enlightens the
grammar schoolmaster for a few months, andunderstanding is not separated from the moral
subjected it to heavy penalty. So that theeducation. The American learns to know the laws
education of all the ranks of people was madeby participating in the act of legislation; and he
the care and expense of the public, in a mannertakes a lesson in the forms of government from
that I believe has been unknown to any othergoverning. In the United States, politics are the
people, ancient or modern.end and aim of education."
The Consequences of these establishments weYoung children were taught the value of the
see and feel every day (written in 1765). AConstitution, the book was called "Catechism on
Native of America who cannot read and write isthe Constitution." Early Americans knew that they
as rare as a comet or an earthquake. It has beenhad a unique and invaluable invention of political
observed that we are all of us lawyers, divines,science and they were determined to promote it
politicians, and philosophers. And I have goodon all levels of education.
authorities to say that all candid foreigners whoMany Early Americans spoke with great
have passed through this country and conversedeloquence, and this was due to their extensive
freely with all sorts of people here will all say thateducation in reading the Bible. A great example is
they have never seen so much knowledge andAbraham Lincoln, whose great speeches cannot
civility among the common people in any part ofbe attributed to a college education since he did
the world. Liberty cannot be preserved without anot have one. The Founding Fathers felt that the
general knowledge among the people. They havestrength of America's moral character came from
a right, an indisputable, unalienable, indefeasible,the studying of the Bible. "The book teaches man
divine right to that most dreaded and envied kindhis own individual responsibility, his own dignity, and
of knowledge, I mean, of the characters andhis equality to his fellowman. " One need not go
conduct of their rulers."very far today to find a school that has
The way that this system was designed madeeliminated the Bible reading from their curriculum,
good local school boards very important. Not onlynor the removal of curriculum for children of the
did they choose what textbooks would be used,same caliber as "Catechism on the Constitution."
they also chose which teachers they would issueOne could also say that this Bible verse says it all,
certificates to. It was important that the boardHosea 4: 6
have a rotation of officers every three years.6 My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge
And that it was 1/3 that was always beingbecause thou hast, I will also reject thee, that
rotated, that way, there were those on thethou shalt be no priest to me: seeing thou hast
board with experience (2/3 of the board) thatforgotten the laws of thy God, I will also forget
could help keep things maintained while the newthy children.
board members got familiar with the system.